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This class will be unsatisfiable. This is because we have given it 2 disjoint parents, which means it could never have any instances (as nothing can be both a CheeseTopping and a VegetableTopping). NB Called ProbeInconsistentTopping in the ProtegeOWL Tutorial.

A class that is equivalent to the set of individuals that are described in the enumeration - ie Countries can only be either America, England, France, Germany or Italy and nothing else. Note that these individuals have been asserted to be allDifferent from each other.

A class to demonstrate mistakes made with setting a property domain. The property hasTopping has a domain of Pizza. This means that the reasoner can infer that all individuals using the hasTopping property must be of type Pizza. Because of the restriction on this class, all members of IceCream must use the hasTopping property, and therefore must also be members of Pizza. However, Pizza and IceCream are disjoint, so this causes an inconsistency. If they were not disjoint, IceCream would be inferred to be a subclass of Pizza.

A pizza that can be found on a pizza menu

A ValuePartition that describes only values from Hot, Medium or Mild. NB Subclasses can themselves be divided up into further partitions.

An alternative definition for the SpicyPizza which does away with needing a definition of SpicyTopping and uses a slightly more complicated restriction: Pizzas that have at least one topping that is both a PizzaTopping and has spiciness hot are members of this class.

An unclosed Pizza cannot be inferred to be either a VegetarianPizza or a NonVegetarianPizza, because it might have other toppings.

A ValuePartition is a pattern that describes a restricted set of classes from which a property can be associated. The parent class is used in restrictions, and the covering axiom means that only members of the subclasses may be used as values. The possible subclasses cannot be extended without updating the ValuePartition class.

Any pizza that only has vegetarian toppings or no toppings is a VegetarianPizzaEquiv1. Should be inferred to be equivalent to VegetarianPizzaEquiv2. Not equivalent to VegetarianPizza because PizzaTopping is not covering

An alternative to VegetarianPizzaEquiv1 that does not require a definition of VegetarianTopping. Perhaps more difficult to maintain. Not equivalent to VegetarianPizza

An example of a covering axiom. VegetarianTopping is equivalent to the union of all toppings in the given axiom. VegetarianToppings can only be Cheese or Vegetable or....etc.

NB Transitive - the ingredients of ingredients are ingredients of the whole

A property created to be used with the ValuePartition - Spiciness.

Note that hasTopping is inverse functional because isToppingOf is functional

The inverse property tree to hasIngredient - all subproperties and attributes of the properties should reflect those under hasIngredient.

Any given instance of topping should only be added to a single pizza (no cheap half-measures on our pizzas)

The class of classes.

The class of RDF containers.

The class of container membership properties, rdf:_1, rdf:_2, ..., all of which are sub-properties of 'member'.

The class of RDF datatypes.

The class of literal values, eg. textual strings and integers.

The class resource, everything.

A domain of the subject property.

The definition of the subject resource.

A member of the subject resource.

A range of the subject property.

The subject is a subclass of a class.

The subject is a subproperty of a property.

An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities.

ActivityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Activity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of ActivityInfluence use the prov:activity property to cite the influencing Activity.

An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place.

AgentInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Agent's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of AgentInfluence use the prov:agent property to cite the influencing Agent.

An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ].

An instance of prov:Attribution provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAttributedTo relation from an prov:Entity to some prov:Agent that had some responsible for it. For example, :cake prov:wasAttributedTo :baker; prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:entity :baker; :foo :bar ].

Note that there are kinds of bundles (e.g. handwritten letters, audio recordings, etc.) that are not expressed in PROV-O, but can be still be described by PROV-O.

An instance of prov:Communication provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInformedBy relation from an informed prov:Activity to the prov:Activity that informed it. For example, :you_jumping_off_bridge prov:wasInformedBy :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:activity :everyone_else_jumping_off_bridge; :foo :bar ].

An instance of prov:Delegation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:actedOnBehalfOf relation from a performing prov:Agent to some prov:Agent for whom it was performed. For example, :mixing prov:wasAssociatedWith :toddler . :toddler prov:actedOnBehalfOf :mother; prov:qualifiedDelegation [ a prov:Delegation; prov:entity :mother; :foo :bar ].

An instance of prov:Derivation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasDerivedFrom relation from some derived prov:Entity to another prov:Entity from which it was derived. For example, :chewed_bubble_gum prov:wasDerivedFrom :unwrapped_bubble_gum; prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :unwrapped_bubble_gum; :foo :bar ].

An instance of prov:End provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasEndedBy relation from some ended prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that ended it. For example, :ball_game prov:wasEndedBy :buzzer; prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :buzzer; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ].

An entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects.

EntityInfluence provides additional descriptions of an Entity's binary influence upon any other kind of resource. Instances of EntityInfluence use the prov:entity property to cite the influencing Entity.

An instance of prov:Generation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasGeneratedBy relation from a generated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that generated it. For example, :cake prov:wasGeneratedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:activity :baking; :foo :bar ].

An instance of prov:Influence provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInfluencedBy relation from some influenced Activity, Entity, or Agent to the influencing Activity, Entity, or Agent. For example, :stomach_ache prov:wasInfluencedBy :spoon; prov:qualifiedInfluence [ a prov:Influence; prov:entity :spoon; :foo :bar ] . Because prov:Influence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (Communication, Delegation, End, etc.) should be used when applicable.

An instantaneous event, or event for short, happens in the world and marks a change in the world, in its activities and in its entities. The term 'event' is commonly used in process algebra with a similar meaning. Events represent communications or interactions; they are assumed to be atomic and instantaneous.

An instance of prov:Invalidation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasInvalidatedBy relation from an invalidated prov:Entity to the prov:Activity that invalidated it. For example, :uncracked_egg prov:wasInvalidatedBy :baking; prov:qualifiedInvalidation [ a prov:Invalidation; prov:activity :baking; :foo :bar ].

There exist no prescriptive requirement on the nature of plans, their representation, the actions or steps they consist of, or their intended goals. Since plans may evolve over time, it may become necessary to track their provenance, so plans themselves are entities. Representing the plan explicitly in the provenance can be useful for various tasks: for example, to validate the execution as represented in the provenance record, to manage expectation failures, or to provide explanations.

An instance of prov:PrimarySource provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:hadPrimarySource relation from some secondary prov:Entity to an earlier, primary prov:Entity. For example, :blog prov:hadPrimarySource :newsArticle; prov:qualifiedPrimarySource [ a prov:PrimarySource; prov:entity :newsArticle; :foo :bar ] .

An instance of prov:Quotation provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasQuotedFrom relation from some taken prov:Entity from an earlier, larger prov:Entity. For example, :here_is_looking_at_you_kid prov:wasQuotedFrom :casablanca_script; prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :casablanca_script; :foo :bar ].

An instance of prov:Revision provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasRevisionOf relation from some newer prov:Entity to an earlier prov:Entity. For example, :draft_2 prov:wasRevisionOf :draft_1; prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :draft_1; :foo :bar ].

An instance of prov:Start provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasStartedBy relation from some started prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that started it. For example, :foot_race prov:wasStartedBy :bang; prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :bang; :foo :bar; prov:atTime '2012-03-09T08:05:08-05:00'^^xsd:dateTime ] .

An instance of prov:Usage provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:used relation from some prov:Activity to an prov:Entity that it used. For example, :keynote prov:used :podium; prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :podium; :foo :bar ].

An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity.

The Location of any resource.

The time at which an InstantaneousEvent occurred, in the form of xsd:dateTime.

Classify prov-o terms into three categories, including 'starting-point', 'qualifed', and 'extended'. This classification is used by the prov-o html document to gently introduce prov-o terms to its users.

Classify prov-o terms into six components according to prov-dm, including 'agents-responsibility', 'alternate', 'annotations', 'collections', 'derivations', and 'entities-activities'. This classification is used so that readers of prov-o specification can find its correspondence with the prov-dm specification.

A reference to the principal section of the PROV-CONSTRAINTS document that describes this concept.

A definition quoted from PROV-DM or PROV-CONSTRAINTS that describes the concept expressed with this OWL term.

A reference to the principal section of the PROV-DM document that describes this concept.

A note by the OWL development team about how this term expresses the PROV-DM concept, or how it should be used in context of semantic web or linked data.

When the prov-o term does not have a definition drawn from prov-dm, and the prov-o editor provides one.

The time at which an activity ended. See also prov:startedAtTime.

The time at which an entity was completely created and is available for use.

The _optional_ Activity of an Influence, which used, generated, invalidated, or was the responsibility of some Entity. This property is _not_ used by ActivityInfluence (use prov:activity instead).

The _optional_ Generation involved in an Entity's Derivation.

The _optional_ Plan adopted by an Agent in Association with some Activity. Plan specifications are out of the scope of this specification.

The _optional_ Role that an Entity assumed in the context of an Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon; prov:qualified [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :spoon; prov:hadRole roles:mixing_implement ].

The _optional_ Usage involved in an Entity's Derivation.

Subproperties of prov:influencer are used to cite the object of an unqualified PROV-O triple whose predicate is a subproperty of prov:wasInfluencedBy (e.g. prov:used, prov:wasGeneratedBy). prov:influencer is used much like rdf:object is used.

The time at which an entity was invalidated (i.e., no longer usable).

PROV-O does not define all property inverses. The directionalities defined in PROV-O should be given preference over those not defined. However, if users wish to name the inverse of a PROV-O property, the local name given by prov:inverse should be used.

A reference to the principal section of the PROV-DM document that describes this concept.

The position that this OWL term should be listed within documentation. The scope of the documentation (e.g., among all terms, among terms within a prov:category, among properties applying to a particular class, etc.) is unspecified.

If this Activity prov:wasAssociatedWith Agent :ag, then it can qualify the Association using prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].

If this Entity prov:wasAttributedTo Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].

If this Activity prov:wasInformedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedCommunication [ a prov:Communication; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].

If this Agent prov:actedOnBehalfOf Agent :ag, then it can qualify how with prov:qualifiedResponsibility [ a prov:Responsibility; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ].

If this Entity prov:wasDerivedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was derived using prov:qualifiedDerivation [ a prov:Derivation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

If this Activity prov:wasEndedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was ended using prov:qualifiedEnd [ a prov:End; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ].

This annotation property links a subproperty of prov:wasInfluencedBy with the subclass of prov:Influence and the qualifying property that are used to qualify it. Example annotation: prov:wasGeneratedBy prov:qualifiedForm prov:qualifiedGeneration, prov:Generation . Then this unqualified assertion: :entity1 prov:wasGeneratedBy :activity1 . can be qualified by adding: :entity1 prov:qualifiedGeneration :entity1Gen . :entity1Gen a prov:Generation, prov:Influence; prov:activity :activity1; :customValue 1337 . Note how the value of the unqualified influence (prov:wasGeneratedBy :activity1) is mirrored as the value of the prov:activity (or prov:entity, or prov:agent) property on the influence class.

If this Activity prov:generated Entity :e, then it can qualify how it performed the Generation using prov:qualifiedGeneration [ a prov:Generation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

Because prov:qualifiedInfluence is a broad relation, the more specific relations (qualifiedCommunication, qualifiedDelegation, qualifiedEnd, etc.) should be used when applicable.

If this Entity prov:wasInvalidatedBy Activity :a, then it can qualify how it was invalidated using prov:qualifiedInvalidation [ a prov:Invalidation; prov:activity :a; :foo :bar ].

If this Entity prov:hadPrimarySource Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedPrimarySource [ a prov:PrimarySource; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

If this Entity prov:wasQuotedFrom Entity :e, then it can qualify how using prov:qualifiedQuotation [ a prov:Quotation; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

If this Entity prov:wasRevisionOf Entity :e, then it can qualify how it was revised using prov:qualifiedRevision [ a prov:Revision; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

If this Activity prov:wasStartedBy Entity :e1, then it can qualify how it was started using prov:qualifiedStart [ a prov:Start; prov:entity :e1; :foo :bar ].

If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ].

The time at which an activity started. See also prov:endedAtTime.

Classes and properties used to qualify relationships are annotated with prov:unqualifiedForm to indicate the property used to assert an unqualified provenance relation.

A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven .

An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity.

Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.

The more specific subproperties of prov:wasDerivedFrom (i.e., prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource) should be used when applicable.

End is when an activity is deemed to have ended. An end may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that terminated the activity.

Because prov:wasInfluencedBy is a broad relation, its more specific subproperties (e.g. prov:wasInformedBy, prov:actedOnBehalfOf, prov:wasEndedBy, etc.) should be used when applicable.

An activity a2 is dependent on or informed by another activity a1, by way of some unspecified entity that is generated by a1 and used by a2.

An entity is derived from an original entity by copying, or 'quoting', some or all of it.

A revision is a derivation that revises an entity into a revised version.

Start is when an activity is deemed to have started. A start may refer to an entity, known as trigger, that initiated the activity.

This document is published by the Provenance Working Group (http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/Main_Page). If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to public-prov-comments@w3.org (subscribe public-prov-comments-request@w3.org, archives http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-prov-comments/). All feedback is welcome.

An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).

A document.

A class of Agents.

An image.

A foaf:LabelProperty is any RDF property with texual values that serve as labels.

An online account.

An online chat account.

An online e-commerce account.

An online gaming account.

An organization.

A person.

A personal profile RDF document.

A project (a collective endeavour of some kind).

Indicates an account held by this agent.

Indicates the name (identifier) associated with this online account.

Indicates a homepage of the service provide for this online account.

The age in years of some agent.

An AIM chat ID

A location that something is based near, for some broadly human notion of near.

The birthday of this Agent, represented in mm-dd string form, eg. '12-31'.

A current project this person works on.

A depiction of some thing.

A thing depicted in this representation.

A checksum for the DNA of some thing. Joke.

The family name of some person.

The family name of some person.

The first name of a person.

The underlying or 'focal' entity associated with some SKOS-described concept.

An organization funding a project or person.

A textual geekcode for this person, see http://www.geekcode.com/geek.html

The gender of this Agent (typically but not necessarily 'male' or 'female').

The given name of some person.

The given name of some person.

Indicates an account held by this agent.

A homepage for some thing.

An ICQ chat ID

An image that can be used to represent some thing (ie. those depictions which are particularly representative of something, eg. one's photo on a homepage).

A page about a topic of interest to this person.

A document that this thing is the primary topic of.

A jabber ID for something.

A person known by this person (indicating some level of reciprocated interaction between the parties).

The last name of a person.

A logo representing some thing.

Something that was made by this agent.

An agent that made this thing.

A personal mailbox, ie. an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of this mailbox. This is a 'static inverse functional property', in that there is (across time and change) at most one individual that ever has any particular value for foaf:mbox.

The sha1sum of the URI of an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of the mailbox.

Indicates a member of a Group

Indicates the class of individuals that are a member of a Group

An MSN chat ID

A Myers Briggs (MBTI) personality classification.

A name for some thing.

A short informal nickname characterising an agent (includes login identifiers, IRC and other chat nicknames).

An OpenID for an Agent.

A page or document about this thing.

A project this person has previously worked on.

A phone, specified using fully qualified tel: URI scheme (refs: http://www.w3.org/Addressing/schemes.html#tel).

A .plan comment, in the tradition of finger and '.plan' files.

The primary topic of some page or document.

A link to the publications of this person.

A homepage of a school attended by the person.

A sha1sum hash, in hex.

A Skype ID

A string expressing what the user is happy for the general public (normally) to know about their current activity.

The surname of some person.

A theme.

A derived thumbnail image.

A tipjar document for this agent, describing means for payment and reward.

Title (Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr. etc)

A topic of some page or document.

A thing of interest to this person.

A weblog of some thing (whether person, group, company etc.).

A work info homepage of some person; a page about their work for some organization.

A workplace homepage of some person; the homepage of an organization they work for.

A Yahoo chat ID

A single, identifiable product instance (e.g. a laptop with a serial number).

An organization such as a school, NGO, corporation, club, etc.

Any offered product or service.

The GTIN-13 code of the product.

The manufacturer of the product.

The serial number or any alphanumeric identifier of a particular product.